[Social] – Smart City
written by Jaehoon Jung (Hartland International School Dubai Year 9)
translated by Seunghoo Jung (DIA Year 12)
Currently, the urban population rate is at 55%. Meaning it is estimated that after 30 years, 7 out of 10 people would reside in cities. Such increase in population caused new problems and to combat these issues, Smart Cities are necessities. After the Industrial Revolution, the use of fuel and energy increased drastically, and cases of traffic issues increased. Crime per capita also increased with the number of environmental issues. The gap between the rich and the poor keeps increasing in turn causing conflict within the cities and issues regarding the lack of infrastructure. However, smart City may be the solution for it all.
Masdar city is a city project in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (UAE). Masdar, as a subsidiary of Mubadala, is constructing a brand-new city with the materials provided by the government. The focus during the construction of Masdar City is to reduce the demand for water and energy and sustainable development through recycling and reusing waste materials. An example would be the cooling system. Instead of utilizing Air Conditioning (AC), to reduce energy use, they use a form of wind catcher. This allows the wind to be caught and cooled down through the fine atomizing device within the tower. The cold air becomes heavy enough for them to flow to the city. Now due to the shape of the city resembling a funnel, the air can flow smoothly throughout the city.
Netherland is another country that is developing a Smart city and is also led by its citizens rather than the government. In 2009, they created a platform in which citizens were able to suggest ideas regarding the Smart Cities. The ones that were deemed to be important were then sent to engineers and scientists so that they see how to implement them. Such effort from the citizens is what is driving the project forward. The main advantage about a people led Smart City project is that they are the ones aware of the pros and cons of a community, so they are most likely to suggest solutions that are the most realistic and practical. In addition, the platform allows the citizens to improve each otherโs ideas as it is all led by them. The Kobel provides land for an affordable price but are fixing issues faced by cities through communication. In the past, they built shipyards that were in poor condition, but they were successful in transforming such a place to a clean environment. A strategy they utilized was the aquaponic system which had them fill two tanks of water with fish and once there was waste in it, they used to say plant to water the plants. Those plants were able to absorb the nutrients from the fish waste and this was the cycle.
There are Smart Cities present in our country (Korea). Amongst them is The New Sejong City which was the first city to be certified as a Level 3 Smart City. If let us say, there was an arson case in Songdo, automatic CCTV cameras would recognize the fire and call for help much faster than a normal human would be able to do. Also, there are warnings all around the streets and provide help packages via drones. Both Criminal and Arson cases are watched over by automatic CCTV cameras which then contact control centers. These Artificial Intelligence systems are learning more about human reaction and expression so that they can make improvements in their decision making.
There are 2 main advantages of a Smart City. The first is efficiency. If more Smart Cities are developed and made, the use of energy will reduce, issues that occur in our daily life will be fixed due to said efficiency (for example : arson cases). Smart City benefits are shared with all residents. Within a city, the gap between rich-poor is constantly changing due to the fluctuating nature of an economy. However, Smart Cities will be able to fix said issues due to providing the same benefits from one another. If we implement Smart Cities, there will be new export goods and in turn, benefit our economy.
written by Jaehoon Jung (Hartland International School Dubai Year 9)
ํ์ฌ์ ๋์์ธ๊ตฌ ๋น์จ์ 55%๋ค. ์ฝ 30๋ ํ๋ฉด ์ธ๊ณ ์ธ๊ตฌ 10๋ช ์ค 7๋ช ์ ๋์์ ์ด๊ฒ ๋๋ ์ ์ด๋ค. ์ฌ๋๋ค์ด ๋ชจ์ผ์๋ก ๋ฌธ์ ๋ค์ด ๋ฐ์ํ๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ํด๊ฒฐํ๊ธฐ ์ํด์๋ ์ค๋งํธ ์ํฐ๊ฐ ๊ผญ ํ์ํ๋ค. ์ฐ์ ํ๋ช ์ดํ ์๋์ง ๋ญ๋น๊ฐ ์ฌํ๊ณ , ๊ตํต์ฒด์ฆ๊ณผ ๊ตํต ๋ฌธ์ ๊ฐ ์๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ์์ํ๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋ฒ์ฃ ์ฌ๊ฑด๋ ์์ฃผ ๋ฐ์ํ๊ณ , ํ๊ฒฝ๋ฌธ์ ๋ ๊ทน์ ๋ฌ์๋ค. ๋น๋ถ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๋ ์ ์ ๋ ์ฌํด์ง๋ฉด์ ๋์๋ฏผ๋ค์ ์ถ๋ ์๋ถํ๋๊ณ ์๊ณ , ๋ํ๋๋ฉด์ ์ธํ๋ผ ๋ถ์กฑ ๋ฌธ์ ์ ์๋ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์๋ค. ํ์ง๋ง ์ค๋งํธ ์ํฐ๋ ์ด ๋ชจ๋ ๊ฒ์ ํด๊ฒฐํด ์ค ๊ฒ์ด๋ค.
๋ง์ค๋ค๋ฅด ์ํฐ๋ ์๋์๋ฏธ๋ฆฌํธ ์๋ถ๋ค๋น์ ์๋ ๊ณํ๋ ๋์ ํ๋ก์ ํธ๋ค. ๋ฌด๋ฐ ๋ฌ๋ผ ๊ฐ๋ฐ ํ์ฌ์ ์ํ์ฌ์ธ ๋ง์ค๋ค๋ฅด๊ฐ ์๋ถ๋ค๋น ์ ๋ถ๊ฐ ์ ๊ณตํ๋ ์๋ณธ์ผ๋ก ์ต์ฒจ๋จ ์ ์ฌ์ ๋์๋ฅผ ๊ฑด์คํ๊ณ ์๋ค. ๋ง์ค๋ค๋ฅด ์ํฐ๋ ํนํ ๊ฑด์ค ํ๋ ์ค ์๋์ง์ ๋ฌผ์ ์์ ๊ฐ์, ํ์์ฌ์ ์ฌํ์ฉ๊ณผ ์ฌ์ฌ์ฉ์ ํตํด ์ง์๊ฐ๋ฅํ ๋ฐ์ ์ ์ค์ ์ ๋๊ณ ์๋ค. ๊ทธ๋์ ์๋์ง ๋ญ๋น๋ฅผ ๋ง๊ธฐ ์ํด ๋ง์ค๋ค๋ฅด ์ํฐ ์์์๋ ์์ด์ปจ์ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ง ์๊ณ ์๋ ์บ์ฒ์ ๊ฐ์ ๊ฒ์ ์ฌ์ฉํด ๋ง์ค๋ค๋ฅด ์ํฐ ์์ ์์ํ๊ฒ ํ๋ค. ์๋ ์บ์ฒ์ ํ์ ๊ผญ๋๊ธฐ์๋ ์ง๋๊ฐ๋ ๋ฐ๋์ ๋์ด์ค๋ ์ฅ์น์ ํจ๊ป ๋ฏธ์ธ ๋ถ๋ฌด ์ฅ์น๊ฐ ์๋ค. ๋ถ๋ฌด ์ฅ์น๊ฐ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋๊ฐ์ํค๊ณ ์ํ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ ๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์์ ธ์ ํ์๋ก ๋ด๋ ค์ ๋์๋ฅผ ์์ํ๊ฒ ๋ง๋ ๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋ง์ค๋ค๋ฅด ์ํฐ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์์ฒด๊ฐ ๊น๋๊ธฐ ๋ชจ์์ด์ด์ ๋ฐ๋์ ์ด๋์ ์ํํ๊ฒ ๋ง๋ค์ด ์์ํ๊ฒ ๋ง๋ค์ด ์ค๋ค.
๋ค๋๋๋๋ ์ค๋งํธ์ํฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๋ฐํ๋ฉด์ ์ ๋ถ๊ฐ ์๋ ์๋ฏผ๋ค์ ์ฐธ์ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ ๋ คํ๊ณ ์๋ค. 2009๋ ์ ์ค๋งํธ ์ํฐ๋ก ๋ฐ๊พธ์๋ ๋ชฉํ๋ฅผ ์๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์๋ฏผ์ด ์์ด๋์ด๋ฅผ ์ง์ ์ ์ํ๊ณ ์ข์ ์์ด๋์ด๋ ๊ธฐ์ ๊ณผ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๊ธฐ๊ด์ด ์ฐ๊ตฌํด์ ๊ตฌํํด ๋ด๋ ์ง์ ์ฐฝ๊ตฌ ํ๋ซํผ์ ์ด์๋ค. ์ด๋ฐ ๋ ธ๋ ฅ์ ํ๋ฉด์ ๋ค๋๋๋๋ ์๋ฏผ๋ค์ด ์ฃผ๋ํ๋ ์ค๋งํธ์ํฐ๋ฅผ ๋ง๋ค๊ณ ์๋ค. ์๋ฏผ๋ค์ด ์ฃผ๋ํ๋ ์ค๋งํธ์ํฐ์ ์ฅ์ ์ ์๋ฏผ๋ค์ ์์ ์ด ์ด๊ณ ์๋ ๊ณณ์ ๋ฌธ์ ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ ๋๊ตฌ๋ณด๋ค ๋ ์ ์๋ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ด๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ ๋์ ๋ฌธ์ ๋ฅผ ํด๊ฒฐํ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์์ ์ ์ํ ์ ์๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ง์ ์ฐฝ๊ตฌ ํ๋ซํผ์ด ์๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ ์๋ฏผ๋ค๋ผ๋ฆฌ ์๊ฒฌ์ ๊ณต์ ํด ๊ฐ์ ํ ์ ์ ํจ์จ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ ์ ์๊ฒ ํด์ค๋ค. ๋ ์พจ๋ฒจ์ ์ ๋ ดํ ๋น์ฉ์ผ๋ก ์ฌํ์ ๊ธฐ์ ์๊ฒ ๊ณต๊ฐ์ ์ ๊ณตํ๋๋ฐ, ๊ต๋ฅ๋ฅผ ํตํด ์ ์ ํ ์์ด๋์ด๋ฅผ ํตํด ๋์ ๋ฌธ์ ๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋ณตํ๊ณ ์๋ค. ์๋ ์๋ ๋๋ฌ์ด ์กฐ์ ์๋ฅผ ๋ง๋ค๋ ๊ณณ์ด๋ผ ์์ง ์ค์ผ์ด ์ฌ๊ฐํ๋๋ฐ, ์ด์ ๋ ์นํ๊ฒฝ ๋์๋ก ๋ฐ๋์๋ค. ๊ทธ์ค ์์ฟ ์ ํฌ๋ ์์คํ ์ ๋ ๊ฐ์ ์์กฐ์ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํค์ฐ๊ณ , ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๋ฌผ์ ๋ฐฐ๋จํ๋ฉด ๊ทธ ๋ฌผ์ ์๋ฌผ์ ๋ณด๋ธ๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์๋ฌผ์ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์ ๋ณ์ ์๋ ์์๋ถ์ ํก์ํ๊ณ ์๋ฌผ์ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ์ด๋ ๋ฌผ์ ์ฌ๊ณผํด์ ๋ค์ ์์กฐ๋ก ๋ด๋ณด๋ด๋ฉฐ ์ํํ๋ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค.
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋๋ผ์๋ ์ค๋งํธ์ํฐ๊ฐ ์๋ค. ๊ทธ์ค ์ธ์ข ์ ๋์๋ ์ธ๊ณ ์ต์ด๋ก ์ค๋งํธ์ํฐ 3๋จ๊ณ ์ธ์ฆ์ ๋ฐ์๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ํ๊ตญ์ ๋๋ฐ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฟ๊พธ๋ ๊ตญ์ ๋์, ์ก๋๋ 1์ธ๋ ์ค๋งํธ์ํฐ์ด๋ค. ๋ง์ฝ ์ก๋์์ ํ์ฌ๊ฐ ๋ฐ์ํ๋ค๋ฉด ์ธ๊ณต์ง๋ฅ CCTV๊ฐ ๋ถ์ ์ธ์ํด ์ฌ๋์ด ์ ๊ณ ํ๋ ๊ฒ๋ณด๋ค ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ํต์ ์ผํฐ๋ก ์ ๋ฌํด ์ค๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ณณ๊ณณ์์๋ ์๋ฏผ์ ์์ ์ ์ํด ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ ํ์๋๋ค. ๊ฒ๋ค๊ฐ ํ์ฌ์ฉ ๋๋ก ์ ๋์ ๊ณณ๊น์ง ์ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ฆฌ๋ ์ฌ๋๋ค์๊ฒ ๋ฐฉํธํ์ ์ ๋ฌํด ์ค๋ค. ๋ฒ์ฃ๋ ํ์ฌ์ ๊ฐ์ด ์ธ๊ณต์ง๋ฅ CCTV๊ฐ ์ํฉ์ ํ๋จํด ํต์ ์ผํฐ๊น์ง ์ ๋ฌํ์ฌ ๋ฒ์ฃ ์๋ฐฉ๊น์ง ํ๊ณ ์๋ค. ์ ์ ์ธ๊ณต์ง๋ฅ CCTV๋ ๋ง์ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ ํ์ ์ ๋ถ์ํด ์ํฉ์ ํ๋จํ๋ ๋ฅ๋ ฅ์ ํค์ ์๋ฏผ๋ค์ ์์ ์ ๋๊ณ ์๋ค.
์ค๋งํธ์ํฐ๋ ํฌ๊ฒ 2๊ฐ์ง ์ฅ์ ์ด ์๋ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒ์งธ๋ ํจ์จ์ฑ์ด๋ค. ๋ง์ฝ ์ค๋งํธ์ํฐ๊ฐ ์ค์ฉํ๋๋ค๋ฉด, ์๋์ง ๋ญ๋น๋ฅผ ์ค์ด๊ณ , ์ผ์ ์์ ์จ์ด์์๋ ๋ฌธ์ ๋ค๋ ์ ๋ณด๋ค ๋ ํจ์จ์ ์ผ๋ก ํด๊ฒฐํ ์ ์์ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค(์๋ฅผ ๋ค์ด ํ์ฌ, ๋ฒ์ฃ์ ๊ฐ์ ๊ฒ๋ค). ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ค๋งํธ์ํฐ๋ ๋์์ ์ฌ๋ ๋ชจ๋ ์ฌ๋์๊ฒ ๊ณต์ ํ๊ฒ ์ ๊ณต๋๋ค. ๋์ ์์๋ ๊ฒฝ์ ์ํฉ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ๋น๋ถ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๊ฐ ๋ฐ์ํ์ฌ ํ๊ฒฝ๋ ๋ฌ๋ผ์ง๋ค. ํ์ง๋ง ๋ง์ฝ ์ค๋งํธ์ํฐ๊ฐ ์ค์ฉํ๊ฐ ๋๋ค๋ฉด ๋์์ ๋ง์ ํํ์ ๊ณต๋์ผ๋ก ์ฌ์ฉํ ์ ์๊ฒ ํด์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ ํ ์ค๋งํธ์ํฐ์ ์ฌ๋ ๋ชจ๋ ์ฌ๋์ ๊ณต์ ํ ํํ์ ๋๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ ์ด ์ ์๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋ง์ฝ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋๋ผ๊ฐ ์ด๋ฐ ์ค๋งํธ์ํฐ ์ฌ์ ์ ์์ฑํ๋ค๋ฉด ์๋ก์ด ์์ถ ์ํ์ด ๋์ด ๊ตญ๊ฐ ๊ฒฝ์๋ ฅ๋ ๋์์ง ๊ฒ์ด๋ค.