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[Social] – The role of social enterprises

Illustration by Donghwan Kim (DAA Grade 10)

translated by Yeonju Woo (DC Year 11)

written by Sihyun Jeun (NAS Dubai Year 10)

A social enterprise is an organisation that addresses social needs through business activity, its primary purpose being to serve the common good. By aiming to achieve a social purpose they can create a better world by providing social services or jobs to those who need it. Unlike for-profit companies that exist primarily to maximise profits for shareholders and owners, social enterprises are distinguished in the sense that whilst they also aim to earn profit, they consider social purposes as well as creating social opportunities and jobs for people in need. 

 A photo of President Moon Jae-in, who took office in 2017, warmed the hearts of many people. In the photo he was seen bowing and wearing tattered shoes that were old and worn-out. It became a headline as it was revealed that the shoes were handmade shoes of a social enterprise with deaf people. The brand was nicknamed The Presidentโ€™s Shoes after Mr Moon Jae-in was seen wearing the shoes at an international meeting. However, the company had to close its doors because it faced many management difficulties. During an interview, they reflected that their lack of preparation made them face their harsh reality of the difficulties of running a social enterprise, as well as realising the fact that you need more than passion to succeed in business. Another example of a social enterprise is a company that created an assistive device which can be attached to any wheelchair, and this has functions like being able to control the speed with a smartphone, increasing user convenience and availability. In addition to this, if the user feels uncomfortable after using the device, the company visits and enhances the device to be more suited to the user. This demonstrates that companies can play a role in changing the lives of customers, not just producing and selling products.

Looking at reasons for why the shoe company Agio had to close, we can see the difficulties that social enterprises face. First, there are often difficulties acquiring funding or resources to keep the company running. There is generally less support funding available for a social enterprise as opposed to a traditional business venture. Second, in Agioโ€™s case, there was insufficient preparation. Despite new products and services being the lifeblood of all businesses, Agio continued to make shoes with the same design, so it had little competition in the market and subsequently was unable to even be sold at department stores. Through this, it can be seen that no matter how good of a purpose a social enterprise serves, it must be competitive and have the ability to find its place in the market.

In the future, more social enterprises should exist and emerge. For this to be possible, more people need to be interested in social enterprises by investing and consuming from these organisations. Impact investing will generate positive, measurable social and environmental impact alongside a financial return and providing incentives for good performance will alleviate financial concerns of social enterprises. An example of a successful social enterprise is a company that has opened a cafe where to provide employment for people with disabilities. They play an important role in enabling disabled people to become full-time employees at the cafe. They are able to do this by receiving referral fees and funding to maintain their businesses and have presented opportunities for the disabled to become full-time employees of larger companies.


written by Sihyun Jeun (NAS Dubai Year 10)

์‚ฌํšŒ์ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด๋ž€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์„ ์šฐ์„ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์˜์—…ํ™œ๋™์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ์ทจ์•ฝ๊ณ„์ธต์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌํšŒ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๋˜๋Š” ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ, ํŒ๋งค ๋“ฑ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์˜๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์ฃผ์ฃผ๋‚˜ ์†Œ์œ ์ž๋งŒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด์œค์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ, ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ์ด์œค๋„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌํšŒ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์ทจ์•ฝ๊ณ„์ธต์—๊ฒŒ ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ์šฐ์„ ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 

2017๋…„ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์— ์ทจ์ž„ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฌ์ธ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์ „ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—๊ฒŒ ํฐ ๊ฐ๋™์„ ์•ˆ๊ฒจ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ ˆ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ตฌ๋‘ฃ๋ฐœ์ด ๋‹ค ํ—Œ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ์‹ ๋ฐœ์„ ์‹ ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”๊ตฐ๋‹ค๋‚˜ ๊ทธ ์‹ ๋ฐœ์€ ์ฒญ๊ฐ ์žฅ์• ์ธ๋“ค์ด ๋งŒ๋“  ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ˆ˜์ œํ™”๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•Œ๋ ค์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ํ™”์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ฌธ์žฌ์ธ์˜ ๊ตฌ๋‘๋ผ๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์กŒ๋˜ ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ๊ฒฝ์˜๋‚œ์„ ๊ฒฌ๋””์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์„ ๋‹ซ์•˜๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์žฅ์€ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ ์ค‘ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์—ด์ •๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋ฉฐ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๋ƒ‰ํ˜นํ•œ ํ˜„์‹ค๊ณผ ํŽธ๊ฒฌ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ฑธ๋ฆผ๋Œ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ์ค€๋น„ ๋ถ€์กฑ๋„ ๋ฐ˜์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ํœ ์ฒด์–ด์— ๋ณด์กฐ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์•„์„œ ์žฅ์• ์ธ๋“ค์ด ๋” ์‰ฝ๊ณ  ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํœ ์ฒด์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์ข…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์†๋ ฅ์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์˜ ํŽธ์˜์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์กฐ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ฐฉ์šฉํ•œ ํ›„ ๋ถˆํŽธํ•จ์„ ๋Š๋ผ๋ฉด ์ง์ ‘ ์ฐพ์•„๊ฐ€์„œ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ๋ณด์กฐ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ํŒ๋งคํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์˜ ๋งˆ์Œ๊ณผ ์‚ถ์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ตฌ๋‘ํšŒ์‚ฌ ์•„์ง€์˜ค๊ฐ€ ์‹คํŒจํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ๊ฒช๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ์ง์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ, ๊ฒฝ์˜์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์—…์„ ๊ณ„์† ๊พธ๋ ค๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ๋งŒํผ์˜ ๋ˆ๊ณผ ํˆฌ์ž๊ธˆ์•ก ์—†์—ˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋งŒํผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ํ˜„์‹ค์ด๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ, ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์ง€์˜ค๋Š” ํ•œ ์‹œ์ฆŒ์— ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ 2๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์‹ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์žฅ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตฌ๋‘ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ๋””์ž์ธ์˜ ๊ตฌ๋‘๋งŒ ๊ณ„์† ๋งŒ๋“ค๋‹ค ๋ณด๋‹ˆ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ๋ฐฑํ™”์ ์—์„œ ์ž…์ ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ์ข‹์€ ์ทจ์ง€์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ธฐ์—…์ด๋ผ๋„ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๋ฉฐ ์‹œ์žฅ์— ์ ์‘ํ•  ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 

์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚˜์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ ค๋ฉด ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ธฐ์—…์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ํˆฌ์ž์™€ ์†Œ๋น„๋ฅผ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ž„ํŒฉํŠธ ํˆฌ์ž๋Š” ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ , ์‚ฌํšŒ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ ์ œ๋„๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ž๊ธˆ ๊ฑฑ์ •์„ ์ค„์—ฌ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋Š” ์žฅ์• ์ธ๋“ค์ด ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ์นดํŽ˜๋ฅผ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ดํ”ผ๋‹ˆ์Šค ๊ธฐ์—…์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค์€ ๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์นดํŽ˜์— ์žฅ์• ์ธ๋“ค์ด ์ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๊ต์œก์„ ์‹œํ‚จ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ณ‘์›์˜ ์ •์ง์›์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค์€ ์†Œ๊ฐœ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ ์ œ๋„์—์„œ ์ž๊ธˆ์„ ๋ฐ›์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ธฐ์—…์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•ด๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ดํ”ผ๋‹ˆ์Šค ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์˜ ๋ณธ๋ณด๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์ด๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ์„ ์ˆœํ™˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์—…์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์žฅ์• ์ธ ์˜๋ฌด ๊ณ ์šฉ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ง€ํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋Œ€์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์žฅ์• ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ •์ง์›์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ํฌ๋ง์„ ์•ˆ๊ฒจ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

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