EDITOR FEATURESWORLD

Catherine Helen Spence

ํ˜ธ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€ํ‘œํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ

<์ถœ์ฒ˜: Adelina.au.gov>

[๊ฐ์› ์—๋””ํ„ฐ 1๊ธฐ / ์ด์†Œ๋ฏผ ๊ธฐ์ž]

Catherine Helen Spence ๋Š” ํ˜ธ์ฃผ ์ง€ํ 5 ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์— ๊ทธ๋ ค์ ธ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŽ์€ ํ˜ธ์ฃผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ถ„์„ โ€œGreatest Australian Womanโ€ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ‘œํ˜„ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ˜ธ์ฃผ์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋ฒ”์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์ธ๋ฌผ์ค‘์— ํฌํ•จ์ด ๋˜์–ด์žˆ๋‹ค. Spence ๋Š” 1825๋…„์— ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฌ๊ณ  1910๋…„์— ์ƒ์„ ๋งˆ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค. Spence์˜ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์€ ์Šค์ฝ”ํ‹€๋žœ๋“œ ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์€ ์‹คํŒจ ํ•˜์…จ๊ณ , ์˜๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฏผ ๊ฐ„ํ›„, Spence๋ฅผ ๋‚ณ์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ „ํ•ด์กŒ๋‹ค. Spence ๊ฐ€ ํ˜ธ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ชจ๋ฒ”์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์ธ๋ฌผ์ด ๋ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๋‹ค. Spence๋Š” South Australian ์—ฌ์ž ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ์ž‘๊ฐ€, ์„ ์ƒ/๊ต์ˆ˜, ์ •์น˜์ธ, ์‚ฌ์—…๊นŒ์ง€ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๋จผ์ €, Spence ๋Š” ์˜๊ตญ, Melrose์— ์žˆ๋Š” St. Maryโ€™s Convent School์—์„œ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋กœ ์ผํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์˜ ์‚ฌ์—… ์‹คํŒจ๋กœ 1839๋…„์— ๊ต์‚ฌ์ง์„ ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋‘์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์–ด์„œ Spence๋Š” ์ž‘๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์‹ฌํ–ˆ๊ณ , 1910๋…„์—๋Š” ์ฒซ ์ฑ…์„ ์ถœ๊ฐ„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์€ Clara Morison ์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ช‡๋…„๋’ค์—๋Š”, An Autobiography, Mr Hogarthโ€™s Will, ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ์ถœ๊ฐ„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ๋“ค์–ด์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ์กด์ค‘ ๋ฐ›์•„์•ผ ํ•  ์ด์œ ๋“ค์„ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ฑ…์—๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ํŽผ์ณค๋‹ค.

์ด์–ด์„œ, Spence ๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ์•Œ๋ฆด์ˆ˜์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์ด์œ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์ปธ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ํˆฌํ‘œ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ ์‹œ์œ„ ์˜€๋‹ค. Spence ๋Š” ์ œ์ผ ๋จผ์ € ๋‚˜์„œ์„œ ๊ทธ๋‹น์‹œ ์ •๋ถ€์—๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค๋„ ํˆฌํ‘œํ•  ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉฐ ์™ธ์ณค๋˜ ๋ถ„๋“ค์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๊ณ , ๋งŽ์€ ํ˜ธ์ฃผ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด Spence ๋ฅผ ์ง€์ง€ํ•ด ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ Spence ๋Š” 1897์— ์ฒซ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์ •์น˜์ธ ํ›„๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ณต์•ฝ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”, ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋” ๊ฐ•ํ™” ์‹œํ‚ฌ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜, ์—ฌ์ž๋ผ๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์„ ์ถœ๋˜์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 1894๋…„, South Australia ์—์„œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์€ ํˆฌํ‘œํ•  ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฒ•์ด ๊ฐœ์ •๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , 1896๋…„, ์„ ๊ฑฐ์—์„œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์˜ ํˆฌํ‘œ๋„ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. Spence ๋•๋ถ„์— ํ˜ธ์ฃผ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์€ ํˆฌํ‘œํ•  ์ˆ˜์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ๋น„๋ก 3๋…„ ์ •๋„ ๋ผ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ ธ์ง€๋งŒ, Spence๋Š” ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์ณค๋‹ค.

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹น์‹œ ํ˜ธ์ฃผ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์„ ๋น›๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , Spence ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์„ ๋งˆ๊ฐํ–ˆ์„๋•Œ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ํ˜ธ์ฃผ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ์• ๋„ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ˜ธ์ฃผ ์ฃผ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋จผ์ € ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋Š” Spence ์˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜ธ์ฃผ ์ „์ฒด๋กœ ํผ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐ”๋‹ค. 

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